What is Copyright and How Does One Protect It 

(from our Online Writing Course) 

INTRODUCTION AND AUTHOR'S COMMENT:

This article (which was originally an extract from the writing course I ran at the local polytechnic was developed about seven years ago) was written for the "OFFLINE and real world" here in New Zealand and the United Kingdom... well before I knew about the "amazing intricate mysteries of the net". However, I believe, the principles should also be applied (perhaps not so stringently) to the "Wild West of cyberspace". (That's a metaphor, by the way!) The article covers general principles of copyright and may also 
be applied world-wide in writing for the www, "metinks"... 

Publishing on the world wide web (writing articles on your field of expertise is a most effective form of internet marketing, incidentally!) is very different to the "real world". In the online "wild west culture" standard copyright rules are far harder to enforce, as the subject of copyright is constantly evolving and rapidly changing, like the "net" itself. It appears that on the www virtually "anything goes" with many varied opinions and it's very hard to get common rulings and agreement on this complex issue. 

My advice would be to apply the same "strict" rules regarding copyright, when writing online as offline, as I explain in this article. 

With these guidelines we can all do our bit to bring some order into the "lawlessness" prevalent in copying other people's work on the www. By following these guidelines, I'm sure no-one will be able to criticise "sqeaky clean you". 

After that "rather rambling rose pre-amble", enough said... 

Only joking! Here is my article...

COPYRIGHT:

What is copyright? No one can reproduce your work with- out your permission - not even a personal letter. How much of a writer's work can be legitimately used? A poem of 40-50 words is generally considered to be OK. Usually one is not allowed to copy substantial amounts of another writer's work without their express permission. 

* But then what is meant by the word "substantial"? It is widely open to interpretation and opens up a literary and legal "minefield" (that's a metaphor, by the way!). 

There are no hard and fast guidelines about the rule of copy- right. The following is a rough 'rule of thumb': 

You can take approximately 300 words from a book or any other lengthy work of writing. You can also quote 150 words from a magazine article. Fifty (50) words quoted from a news- paper article is generally considered to be "fair use" without requiring either permission or a fee. Copyright lasts 50 years after your death. 

You can use what is termed 'fair dealing' in writing reports, or research material. I always advise acknowledging sources in your reference section. 

It's all very unclear - the entire subject of copyright, so I 
won't say too much. Just use your common sense and discretion (if you have some)... and be HONEST by following your heart. Don't copy other author's material and purport (nice word, eh?) to be the author. One should not paraphrase a substantial amount of another author's writing, nor use that writer's points without due ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Hint hint! 

If you get into a dispute (oops!), there are specialised trade and copyright laywers (or solicitors as they call them here in 'genteel and civilised' NZ) in the big centres. If in doubt, get advice...then DON'T infringe copyright. 

Send requests to use material to the permissions editor of a magazine, newspaper or book publisher. Book publishers usually have a small department which deals solely in this. Give them as much information as possible about your article or book, your publisher, as well as other books or articles written by you. Tell them what quotes you want to use and why and so on. Say you will give them due acknowledgement in your writing. They'll usually oblige. There is sometimes a small fee payable. Always 
acknowledge the sources of your quotations - then you've kept your word, your side of the "bargain". Also keep copies of your correspondence in the event of an unlikely dispute. 

Now a bit for Kiwis* (and Brits)... * = New Zealanders, but the Kiwi is a flightless bird, in case you are interested. 

No one can reproduce your work without your permission. New Zealand law closely follows British law. In NZ copyright is usually protected for 50 years after the author's death. If a book is published posthumously (a nice big word that - must try to use it more often), copyright extends for 75 years after the time of the author's death. After that the work can be freely used by anyone. No hope for me then... but perhaps my great great grandchildren! 

As from 1989, New Zealand copyright law requires 3 copies of every NZ publication to go to the National Library in Wellington. One of which goes to the Alexander Turnbull Library, one to the National Library for bibliographical purposes, while the third is kept at the Parliamentary Library in the capital in Wellington. 

The following is a simple tip on the easist way to register 
copyright. Send a letter to yourself by registered mail, in 
which you certify that you are the author of the work. Keep in a safe place. If you really want, you could lodge the unopened letter with your bank or lawyer (solicitor) for safekeeping, but I wouldn't say that option is necessary. I'd just keep the letter with my personal documents, proving ownership of your writing. (While you are about it, you could perhaps send some Christmas or birthday cards to yourself, or like me, join "Rent-a-Friend"). Enough silly digression, now Craig and back to the boring subject 
of copyright (you are nearly finished pouring forth)... 

Sometimes a publisher might want copyright in exchange for a fee. My advice: It's your work of art. So always retain your copyright... unless you are in dire financial straits, like this aspiring writer*. 

In the next lesson (and article) we will look at the subject of 
plagiarism . Wow, that's a big word and I hope I spelt it 
correctly. No, I don't mind you using my material...even though it may be quite hard for another "writer" to closely copy my rather "crazy/wacky style of hopefully informing and entertaining at the same time". (That is my mission in my writings, btw!) Anyway, isn't "imitation the sincerest form of flattery"? 

Happy writing 

Craig Lock 
http://www.craiglock.com 

P.S: After getting so far 
with this "rather heavy and quite boring subject, time for a dash of humour as a reward... at the expense of my "chosen occupation"... 

"I never had any doubts about my abilities. I knew I could write. I just had to figure out how to eat while doing this." - Cormac McCarthy 

What's the definition of an aspiring author? 
A waiter!

* What's the difference between a writer and a family pizza? The family pizza can feed a rather hungry family of three ... or ONE starving writer writing away in his garret munching on a carrot! 

I see the average American writer earns an average of $7500 per year (and New Zealanders, or Kiwi writers probably far less than that). 

That's why writers have to do things DIFFERENTLY to merely survive. Perhaps then time to get a "proper job" and avoid the soup kitchen, Craig!

.. but then some of us DO love writing -
it's just something we HAVE to do with our lives. 

About the author: Craig Lock is an author of numerous books and the creator of the "original" online writing course: 
http://www.craiglock.com/downloads/cwcourse.htm 

The various books that Craig "felt inspired to write" are available at: http://www.bridgeniche.com and
http://www.craiglock.com/books.html

Hard copies and e-books: Fiction and non-fiction, novels travel, humour, inspiration, self help and money books 

All proceeds go to needy and underprivileged children - MINE 

P.S: Don't worry about the world ending today...
it's already tomorrow in "little" scenic and tranquil
New Zealand 

THIS ARTICLE MAY BE FREELY PUBLISHED